Strategic Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic Management - Assignment Example So by the time the other European retail giants realized the real benefit associated with international diversification, Tesco has already established in more than 6 international markets. Diversification itself did not stop the very problem for which Tesco decided diversify in the first place itself. The problem is depleting revenue margin in almost 70% of the international markets where Tesco has operational base. Tesco realized that the mere diversification is not going to solve the problem of decreasing level of profits from the international markets (Collinson, 1999). It quickly came up with the idea to form strategic alliance with retail giants in the international markets like Asia. Asian countries like India and China represents an untapped market segment. It is known that the propensity to buy in China is the highest among the Asian countries. Tesco realized that without the help of any local partner, it will not be able to gain the knowledge about the local demographics of these regions. Tesco’s main aim is to use the knowledge of the local demographics to improve its customer relations with the customers. The local retailers have enormous knowledge about the demographic characteristics of the land. Tesco will benefit by utilizing the knowledge of the local retailers. 2.0The benefits arising out of the international strategic alliance 2.1Supply and distribution channel Presently there are more than 3000 local retailers in China. The local retailers range from medium to small scale enterprises. Apart from these there are about 5 big retailers who have considerable influence over the local markets. Through the use of these local retailers Tesco can gain an upper hand in the supply and the distribution channel. Tesco can use the supply and distribution chgannel of the local retailers to procure the raw materials and supply the products. This leads to cost cutting (Soh P. H., 2003). If Tesco is not utilizing the supply and distribution networks of the local retailers then it will take months before Tesco can finally realize what works and what does not work in the supply and distribution channel. 2.2 Launch of products under own brand name The local retailers have set up outlets in the posh areas where the buying propensity of the local people is comparatively more than the other regions. The strategic alliance equips Tesco with the ability to utilize the same outlet to sell the Tesco products or can even partner up with the local retailers to sell combined products. Tesco can also set up its own outlet and sell the Tesco brand products or the local products. In United Kingdom Tesco is a home grown brand where the people have some perception of the brand value. So when new products are launched under the brand name Tesco, customers can easily identify the products with the brand image of Tesco. While in Asian countries the scenario is a bit different. The customers don’t a have very strong perception about the brand Te sco (Youssef and Hansen, 1994). If Tesco decides to produce and sell products under its own brand name, it is not known for sure, what the results might be. Through strategic alliance

Critically analyse the arguments for and against the codification of Essay

Critically analyse the arguments for and against the codification of Scottish criminal law - Essay Example The commission did not articulate its own view on the appeal of using the draft as the foundation for passing a Scottish criminal code by articulated the belief that an extensive public discussion on the issues emerging from the draft code would be essential. Consequently, it provoked comments on December 15, 2003. The draft code was aimed at substituting the common law crimes, in addition to several constitutional offences, in the same sector with those crimes. It did not try to substitute decrees like the Acts on road traffic or drug-related crimes or on health and safety at workplaces, or gaming which are already controlling certain issues in an inclusive manner (Chan et al., 2009). The authors were not opposed to involving such matters ultimately by any means. This is because a better code is one that is highly inclusive. Not only did it appear less essential to involve crimes already in mind-codes, but also numerous issues of this kind are preserved issues under the Scotland Act 1998. Hence, the draft code was incomplete code. Because of this reason, many people argued for and against this code citing many succinct reasons as to why they took their position. While the codification of Scottish criminal law was aimed at improving current laws, it had shortfalls which if not amended, will have adverse effects on the Scottish people. The codification of Scottish criminal law had both advantages and disadvantages. For instance, the codification of Scottish criminal law would avoid the need for recurrence and stop certain kinds of gap in new legislation. Nevertheless, it did not appear to be a lucid case for substituting the current criminal law with a code (MacQueen et al., 2003). Courts will be required by the introduction of a code to stick to the letter of the code even where it create outcomes that are unjust on, not in accordance with sound principle. It might not be sure on how far it would be helpful to refer to institutional authors and preceding decisi ons. The codification of Scottish criminal law could have involved a variety of constitutional crimes encountered frequently in legal practice. According to Reid & Zimmermann (2000), it was difficult for the Sheriffs Principal to reach a view on whether the codification of the criminal law was in principle a project to be pursued by the Scottish Law Commission. They realized that illustrious judges in England had called for codification of the criminal law and called for a fully informed discussion on the matter in the Scotland. Scottish Law Commission is supposed to think to supplement the draft with a debate paper in a conservative style analyzing the misbehavior to be tackled, the section of the current law believed to be substandard and the different alternatives for reform. They were especially anxious to discover what had been the experience of judges and practitioners in other ordinary law authorities where the criminal law had been codified. Smith (1962) asserts that even th ough the codification of Scottish criminal law was approved initially at the abstract, it is now considered that when human rights needs had a helpful impact on the ordinary law; it was not time to codify the Scottish Criminal Law. This is because a code is supposed to codify the entire law including constitutional crimes. In the code, offence-creating conditions should be framed in a exceedingly

Analysis and results Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis and results - Dissertation Example One of the most important questions asked in this survey was the method used by the RNs to screen for PPD. None of the nurses reported using any screening tools for the evaluation of PPD. The commonly used methods for the evaluation of PPD were found to be: asking general questions or identifying risk factors during the postpartum office visit; telephonic questioning when patients called to inquire about any queries, concerns or symptoms that they have; as a part of the documentation for the admissions database during the admission for delivery and during chart review or as a part of the routine history during the obstetric visits. Amongst these, the most common method was chart review or while obtaining obstetric history, during which the two main questions asked were whether the patient has had any prior episodes of PPD in previous pregnancy or a history of pre-existing depression and whether she was taking any medications. This practice is in stark contrast to the recommendations for the screening of PPD in the existing literature. ... â€Å" to develop a rapport with the patients and enable them to share their experiences. This practice is in concordance with the existing literature as some studies advocate the use of simple, open ended questions such as â€Å"Are you sad and depressed?† and â€Å"Have you had a loss of pleasurable activities?† as an initial screen for PPD. The use of such questions helps the women in opening up and sharing their experiences and concerns (Goldbort, 2006). There are also several shortcomings of the above mentioned methods for the screening of PPD. First, for women who are having their first baby, the question whether they experienced PPD in any prior pregnancies becomes void. Similarly, most patients who are experiencing PPD for the first time might not be on any medications and thus the question whether they are using any medications currently, is not of any use in such patients. It is thus important to use effective screening strategies which are designed to encomp ass all patients, including those who are pregnant for the first time, so that none of the patients is missed. The most common setting for PPD identified in this survey was during obstetric visits or on admission for delivery. This was followed by screening for PPD during the postpartum visit. There have been various studies conducted in order to determine the most effective screening method and setting for the screening for postpartum depression. The most appropriate and convenient settings for the screening as recommended by the current literature is during the mother’s post-partum visit or during the well child visit of the baby (Gjerdingen & Yawn, 2007; Callister, Beckstrand, & Corbet, 2010). Moreover, recently, other novel innovative strategies for screening

Overview of Sex Offender Registration - Effective or Not Research Paper

Overview of Sex Offender Registration - Effective or Not - Research Paper Example Police investigation revealed that the convicted person was a sex offender and was a nearby neighbor of Megan (Douglas, Burgess, Burgess & Ressler, 2006). Nevertheless, the parents of Megan had no information about the fact that their neighbor is a sex offender and how dangerous he can be to their family. This heated a great debate and eventually Megan’s law came onto the scene, which required States to put this information of sex offenders available to public so that people can ensure their safety (Tilley, 2009). Despite the fact that these registration polices vary amongst different states, however, the primary goal remains the same, avoidance of sexual violence or crime and prevention of sexual re-offending by these former offenders (Wright, 2009). This paper would try to compare to Sex Offender Registration policies in California and Massachusetts. California had implemented these policies in 1947 and Massachusetts was the last state to implement these policies in the last years of 1990s (Douglas et al., 2006). Moreover, in the light of the policies at these two states, many others elements concerning the effectiveness of this system would also come under discussion. Sex Offender Registration laws require offender to register with the local state authority and supply crucial information like name, address, employment details, and others. In most cases, the offender has to register right after his or her release from the prison or in the initial of days of community supervision (Holmes & Holmes, 2008). Since 1996, most of the states have put this information online for public viewing including California and Massachusetts (Brown, 2005). As mentioned earlier, all the states have laws regarding sex offender registration that vary greatly. Differences start arising from the information required for registration. Both these states ask for name, aliases, photo, fingerprints, description of offences, location of offences,

Costco Cracks Taiwan Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Costco Cracks Taiwan Market - Essay Example For example, company adjusted its American brands after analyzing local tastes / desires and then offered at one of its Taiwan’s stores. Indeed, Costco sold an experience that was highly appreciated by Taipei buyers. In addition, the company has also adopted the strategy of localization thereby introducing new and existing products in a specific region or area that suit local customers. (Cheng, 2010) For instance, the company has focused on market penetration (low prices for existing products), product development (offering new and innovated products to current markets) and market development (expanding in new regions) strategies. In fact, Costco focuses on differentiation of its global products to obtain a clear and distinctive image in the minds of consumers. For example, Costco offered some new brands at lower prices to penetrate in Sydney market. (Stafford, 2010) The above mentioned strategies, indeed, have resulted in Costco’s global expansion and growth. The sales in US market grew by 6% while in international market, the retailer observed a staggering 25% growth. (Talley, 2010) and (Associated Press, 2010) Stafford, Patrick (2010) â€Å"Costco Sydney site approved, and local retailers must adapt† Smart Company Available at http://www.smartcompany.com.au/retail/20100416-costco-sydney-site-approved-and-local-retailers-must-adapt.html Talley, Karen (2010) â€Å"Costcos Profit Jumps as Sales Growth Speeds Up† Wall Street Journal Available at

Strategic Environmental Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Environmental Assessment - Essay Example Strategic environment assessment in general is defined as a, systematic and proactive process which helps in evaluating the policies and programs and comes out with the possible consequences on the environment. While assessing the impacts a considerate view is also taken of its economic and social considerations as well. It is worthwhile here to mention that strategic environment assessment (SEA) takes precedence over the EIA i.e. project environmental impact assessment (UNECE, 2003). A number of water tributaries merging into a main stream with the help of an area of land called watershed holds key to the availability of water for the that region. Watershed management calls for maintaining an eye on the quality and quantity of water resources and initiating proactive efforts for preserving these resources for longer durations. It essentially involves planning the efforts, collecting the data from different sources, assessing and evaluating the data, development of requisite strategies and then implementation of the strategies. Watershed management strategies differ from region to region depending upon the topography of the terrain and availability of the resources. If due attention is not accorded to the watershed region, situation may go out of hand in due course. For example, inflows into the Saguling reservoir in Indonesia have been decreasing over a period of time. Due to watershed degradation the dry season flow into the reservoir was found to be around 38 percent of the average annual flow between 1986 and 1991. This percentage went further down to 36 percent between 1992 and 1997 and to 34 percent in 1998 (ADB, 2006). Therefore SEA helps in preparing an early warning system for taking care of the environmental concerns. With an effective environmental policy and legislative framework in place, Thailand has been paying due attention towards its environmental requirements and focusing on environmental and energy concerns at the national and provincial levels. But, the environment management faces a stiff challenge in view of the rapid industrialization in the country. The country is mainly divided into 7 river basins with further sub-division into 25 drainage areas1. In order to manage the watershed region, the river basins and drainage areas have to be kept in good shape so that the charging system of earth is not blocked. Thailand has forestland stretching over 2000 kilometers from north to south with varied climatic conditions and a coastline. The clear and muddy waters too lap productive mudflats (Datamonitor, 2009). The Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is therefore meant to serve as a promotional tool for expanding the adoption of policies towards preserving the watershed areas. Thailand shares three rivers with its neighbors Myanmar, Malaysia and the Lao People's Democratic Republic. The strategic environment assessment calls not only for assessing the status of watershed areas, but it also requires the experts to consider the management of all the relevant stakeholders. Some of the key stakeholders in this venture include landowners, local businesses, Farmers, industries, city officials, environmental activists etc. The diversity of these groups and their interests often creates a situation where it becomes very difficult to carry out the maintenance of the land, vegetation and water resources of the drainage basin. If the strategic policies are

Turkish invasion of Cyprus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Turkish invasion of Cyprus - Essay Example Even before the conflict, the tension arose when the Cyprus Convention, on the basis of which Britain 'leased' the island, lost much of its relevance for some reasons, foremost of which was the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. However there is a background of the conflict followed by the year 1878, when Cyprus was offered to the British, the Turkish sultans expected them to build a strong naval base on the island, which could be used as a deterrent against possible Russian attacks on the Asian parts of the Ottoman Empire (Borowiec: 24). This project was never realized thus never fulfilled. Despite high claims and loud voices in Britain that demanded an end to colonial rule in Cyprus, the Convention was never abrogated, resulting in the economic disaster in Cyprus. After the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, it was felt that the time was not favourable for the Cyprus government as the Turkish government had just relaxed its negotiating position linking free access to Ayios Theodhoros with Artemis Road (Hart: 47). It had also, instructed its permanent representative to the United Nations to thank Secretary-General for his efforts in obtaining the release of Denkta, and to state Ankara's acceptance of the UNFICYP timetable for the phased resumption of police patrols to the village, provided UNFICYP returned the Kophinou police compound to Turkish Cypriot police and redoubled its efforts to settle the Artemis Road situation. The attitude of the Turkish Government was warlike because for months the Demirel administration had been focusing its attention on internal development projects, many involving U.S. economic assistance. However the advance deployment of heavy weaponry and Greek mainland troops were indicating something fishy not only, in battalion strength, around Skarinou, but throughout the island. When the Cyprus crises erupted in 1964, Turkey found itself deprived to get U.S. support, at that time Ankara thought of reapproaching Arabs with a hope that would pay off. However the Arabs instead supported Greece with arms and weapons against the Turkish Cypriot minority (Nachmani: 14). Turkey while depicting such attitude of Middle East as the Arab betrayal, tried to shake hands with the Western world. Conflicts and threats during and after Turkish invasion The political aspirations of the Cypriot leaders were to inspire Cypriots towards either Greece or Turkey instead of creating a mutual concern for the unity of their nation and for their own self-preservation as Cypriots. The dominant feeling that remained long after the invasion among Turkish Cypriots was that the internationally recognized government of Cyprus has not represented the interests of the island's Turkish community. Indeed, it was observed that except minor exceptions, particularly after the invasion, Greek Cypriots regarded Turkish Cypriots as enemies rather than as compatriots. Greeks never considered them as their equal partners due to which systematic economic blockade of the Turkish areas by the Greek side were theoretically intended to 'punish' Turkey (Borowiec: 8). Distances between Greeks and Turks remained wider and therefore alienated the minority that was supposed to share the island with the Greeks. However despite the elements that separated two Cypriot