Measurement of the Turbidity of Raw Water and Study the Effects of Lab Report

Measurement of the Turbidity of Raw Water and Study the Effects of Coagulation and Flocculation - Lab Report Example During coagulation, matter in suspension becomes unstable due to the effect of cationic particles. Aluminum salts, ferric and ferrous salts are useful for the process of coagulation. The salts include alum, FeCl3 and Fe2 (SO4) 3. The iron sulfate used is that with and without lime. Introduction of the salts in waste water results, in the formation of Ions (Hijnen & Gertjan 33). The positive ions present in water exist in hydrated states. Positive ions combine with hydroxyl ions leading to insoluble hydroxides. Insoluble complexes result when ions combine with carbonates and bicarbonates. Coagulation results when the insoluble hydroxides precipitate in water and are separable through filtration. Precipitation of colloids takes place in the presence or absence of lime. The level of solubility of aluminum plus ferric hydroxides depends on PH, which determines the charge of the complex (Bratby 40). When PH is low, absorption of the complexes on the colloidal surface occurs leading to coagulation. When Aluminum chloride and sulfate are in wastewater, they exist as ion, which form non-dissolving complexes. The negative colloid repels anions and attracts cautions. The attraction power between positive and negative colloids results to agglomeration of particles (Wang 6). The repelled anions cling to positive colloids forming agglomerates. AlCl3 has a relative power of one against positive colloids and a power of 1000 against negative colloids. Al2 (SO4)3 exhibits a power of 30 against positive colloids and above 1000 against negative colloids (Bratby 39). ThuyKhanh, Trinh. & Lim Seok Kang. "Response Surface Methodological Approach To Optimize The Coagulation–Flocculation Process In Drinking Water Treatment." Chemical Engineering Research And Design 89. (2011): 1126-1135. ScienceDirect. Web. 2 Feb.

Double Skin Façade Case Study

Double Skin Faà §ade Case Study Abstract Double skin faà §ade refers to a building faà §ade covering one or several stories with multiple glazed skins (Chan, Chow, Fong and Lin, 2009). The aim of this essay is trying to explore the definition, advantages and disadvantages of double skin faà §ade which was used in high rise building. Case study is the main method in this essay. The researcher has chosen three tall building cases which are Shanghai Tower in Shanghai, ARAG 2000 tower in Dusseldorf and Capital Gate Skyscraper in Abu Dhabi to explain the working principle of double skin faà §ade. Finally, it can be understand that double skin faà §ade is a kind of sustainable faà §ade strategy and It allows to lower energy consumption while making the interior spaces comfortable. It is cost effective in long term running but it will cost more to construct. Introduction Multi layer principle is applied on double skin faà §ade technology. They consist of an external faà §ade, an intermediate space and an inner faà §ade. The outer faà §ade layer is to provide protection against the weather and improve the acoustic insulation against external noise. It also allows ventilation through its openings between internal rooms of double skin faà §ade (S. Ahmed, Ali K. Abel, Rahman, Ahmed Hamza H. Ali and Suzuki, 2016). Gadgets and frameworks are for the most part incorporated keeping in mind the end goal to enhance the indoor atmosphere with dynamic or latent methods. (Poirazis, 2006). The historical backdrop of Double Skin Facades is depicted in a few books, reports and articles. Saelens, (2002) notices that in 1849, Jean-Baptiste Jobard,   an early form of a mechanically ventilated skin faà §ade mentioned at a museum in Brussels. Double Skin Facades are contracted by 3 primary components which are cantilever section structure, suspended structure and edge structure. Materials can vary as indicated by the outline yet metal, glass and timber are most uncommon ones. Considering the sort (geometry) of the hole they are divided into 4; Box window, Shaft box, Corridor faà §ade and Multi story double skin faà §ade. A comparable review by Heusler and Compagno categorise into three sorts of window, story and various stories. Context The Shanghai Tower is designed by Gensler Architects, a 127 story, 632 meter high, mixed use tall building located in Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai, China. As of 2016, It is the highest building in the world by its highest usable floor level (Level 127, 587.4m). The new tower takes motivation from Shanghais convention of parks and neighbourhoods. Its bended faà §ade and spiralling structure symbolize the dynamic rise of present day China (GenslerDesignUpdate, 2010). The innovative design incorporates two free curtain walls; first is the external skin cam-molded in plan and the second is the inward one is circular. In-between the two curtain walls form atriums which house landscaped public areas at regular intervals throughout the building (GenslerDesignUpdate, 2010). Series of wind tunnel tests used by the architects to simulate the biggest problem of the site context; the typhoon, which also refined the shape of the building (Zeljic, 2010). These sky patio nurseries will enhance air quality, make visual connections between the city and the towers insides, and give a place where building clients can communicate and blend (GenslerDesignUpdate, 2010). Double Skin Faà §ade The primary element considered for the double skin faà §ade performance depends on a bio-climatic idea of a passive atrium system, where two skins are situated so as to make an expansive, full-high atrium space profiting by every one of the advantages that caught air-and the regular convection of air-can give (Zelji, 2010). As an author view, I think this greenhouse effect could not be achieved with the help of additional   cooling and heating systems when I consider its location and the amount of air pollution the location has. There are two types of curtain wall systems, curtain wall A and curtain wall B, are designed for the   Shanghai Tower. In Curtain Wall A, Vertical mullion emphasised V strike to house and bolster a thick LED lighting apparatus design. The difference between A and B is that B need to stay one-hour fire-rating (Zelji, 2010). Context The ARAG 2000 Tower is designed by RKW in Dusseldorf, in collaboration with Norman Foster in London. It is located in northern district of Norsenbroich, Dusseldorf, Germany. It is a 124 meters of high and 31 storey office skyscraper and divided into four eight story tiers by service floors. It is headquarter building of European Insurance company (Wikipediaorg, 2017). Office floors are basic and open in feel. Cellular workplaces and meeting rooms ring the edge while assembled meeting spaces involved in the focal point of the central formed arrangement over the city (Fosterandpartnerscom, 2017). This tower is unique by its environmental design, it has a high performance, double skin glazed faà §ade and as well as interior organisation. Double height sky gardens intersperse the working spaces at every eighth floor. Open access between office floors and the patio nurseries supports a friendly environment and in addition enhancing communication between the staff (Fosterandpartnerscom, 2017). Double Skin Faà §ade As a result of the to a great degree high road noise levels, brought on by being near an inward city traffic intersection, the double skin facade designed as a shaft box cassettes. Those corridors in between two facades; the interior and the exterior is closed in each floor level. They can be open only in extra ordinary situations such as fire and high pressure difference between each cassettes of the faà §ade (Boake, 2013). Shaft box type double skin faà §ade used. And those defensive external layer frames a climate shield and sun channel; an internal layer, with windows which are allowed to be opened, permits the working spaces to breathe (Boake, 2013). Context Capital Gate is a iconic skyscraper in Abu Dhabi located next to the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre designed by RMJM Architects. It is a 160 meters of high and   35 stories mixed use skyscraper, it is one of the tallest buildings in the Abu Dhabi and it inclines eighteen degrees to the west. It house offices from the second level up to the sixteenth level, and a five star hotel from the eighteenth level right up to the top (Wikipediaorg, 2017). The shape of the building comes from the two elements; sand and water. The form meant to represent swirling spiral of sand and while the curved canopy known as the splash runs over the ground stand and rises on the building faà §ade, creates a wave effect which reflects the water (Schofield, 2012). The designers of Capital Gate, the 18 degrees in reverse inclining tower situated in Abu Dhabi, had a noteworthy sustainable plan for the project. The offset of the floors to accomplish the retrogressive incline makes two particular sorts of spaces and exposures which have brought about the utilisation of two sorts of double skin faà §ade frameworks (Boake, 2013). Capital Gate Skyscraper`s base structure is a vertical concrete center encompassed by a steel diagrid portraying the outer shape of the tower. Steel shafts traverse between the two supporting metal deck and solid composite floor sections. Steel supports span between the outside and inward diagrids, making column free floor spaces within a normal ranges of twelve meters (Schofield, 2012). Double Skin faà §ade The hotel rooms located at the after 19th floor has a jewel shaped pre-assembled shade divider framework is connected to the basic steel diagrid of the skyscraper and forms the outside layer which reuses inside air from the visitor rooms into the faà §ade pit while makes a protecting support between the cool inside and the to a great degree hot outside (Boake, 2013). Office Floors have unique skin called the sprinkle shelter. It begins at the ground level, ending at the projecting pool level located at the nineteenth floor which allows air circulation while blocking the solar radiation (Boake, 2013). Discussion According to those three double skin facades case studies, it can be concluded by the advantages and disadvantages of using double skin faà §ade in tall building. Huge amount of Energy can be saved by using double skin facades. Double skin faà §ade can maintain the internal spaces comfortable with the help of natural ventilation when cooperated with building management system. It is helpful to heat and cool the interior spaces. Maintenance costs much higher when compared with single faà §ade maintenance. Its construction is expensive compared by the single faà §ade construction. Conclusion All features of the double skin faà §ade usage in the tall buildings illustrated by analysing three tall building cases. As it is mentioned above, the advantages and disadvantages, it can be concluded by being agree on, although double skin faà §ade is much more expensive to construct compared to single faà §ade it is a sustainable design strategy which is helpful to cool and heat the interior spaces at the same time being great sound isolation to the building.

Wired Politics :: Internet Web Cyberspace Essays

The Internet is a unique global communications medium used today by billions of people all over the world. It is the same observation of Steve Case, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of America Online as reported in the article titled AOL Chairman: Web Shapes Politics, by Eun-Kyung Kim, an associated press writer for the Los Angeles Times. Steve Case stated that the Internet plays the role of a catalyst for real social and political change in a worldwide scale. One of its great strengths is the ease with which it spans the globe. Information flows as effortlessly from Washington to Russia as from one building to another in New York, and through five or more countries all in one day. No one can imagine that five years ago, the World Wide Web barely existed and that e was just the fifth letter of the alphabet. Case predicted that the times have changed and that the next U.S. president will launch the Internet Century and that it is the presidents job to make sure the era helps make lives better around the world. Case emphasized the importance of reinventing the governments policies on issues affected by a newly connected nation. Free expression on the Internet, if protected and maintained, enhances democracy, culture and economy not just in the United States but also in a global scale. The Internet is a democratizing medium, uniquely suited to the promotion of human rights, but threatened by governmental restrictions. These observations by Steve Case can be compared to Jon Katz article, The Netizen: Birth of a Digital Nation, where they both shared the same opinion on the issue concerning the publics right to know about information collected, disseminated and maintained by the government in order to increase public accountability and awareness. Unfortunately, in the United States, domestic policies have not been fully supportive of these rights. The US Congress has enacted censorship legislation attempting to control the content on the Internet and limit the freedom of communication through the Communications Decency Act of 1996. Fortunately for the new digital nation, these laws have been ruled unconstitutional by the courts yet members of Congress continue to press other restrictive measures and proposals. Both Case and Katz believe that government-mandated use o f blocking and filtering can restrict freedom of expression and limit access to information. Katz emphasized freedom on the Internet more than anything on his article.

British Airways World Cargo

British Airways World Cargo is one of the leading cargo airlines in the world, carrying freight, mail and courier traffic to 200 destinations in more than 80 countries. The BA network and freighter programme make it one of the largest single carrier networks, with a reliable schedule, same day connections between most continents and destinations, and extensive road connections. They have developed a portfolio of products that meet their customer’s needs. Their experienced operational and commercial teams worldwide take pride in delivering high levels of performance and customer care.The business is administratively divided into geographical regions based in: North America; Central and Latin America (plus Spain); Western Europe; North and Eastern Europe (plus the Eastern Mediterranean); Africa, the Gulf States and India; and Asia Pacific. Autonomous, but not independent, business units reflect functional differences such as cargo, engineering and maintenance, and the recently f ormed UK regional airline, CitiExpress. The group corporate and operating headquarters are located at Heathrow Airport in the UK. Over 61,000 staff were employed by the group worldwide in 2001/2002, 81% of them based in the UK.In 2001 and 2002 the global airline industry experienced a sharp reversal of fortunes. This was caused by the severe wo0rld economic slowdown combined with the impact of terrorist attacks in the US on 11 September 2001. These factors were compounded by the subsequent uncertain geographical; environment and the rise of serious competition from the introduction of the ‘no frills’ airlines. In response BA Background 2 was forced to review the ‘future size and shape’ of all aspects of its business. The review was expected to reduce employment by 13,000 by September 2003.Current employment after the ongoing process of rationalization across Europe and the UK is around 45,000, with operations in Germany, Austria, France, Spain, Portugal, It aly, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Greece, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Ireland. Many of the ‘station’ in Europe, however, employ small numbers of people. Some, like Finland, have fewer than 10 people. The UK employment numbers and practices therefore tend to dominate practices and culture throughout the group. In the UK, industrial relations traditions and culture are rooted in a strong trade union presence in what was once a public sector organisation.Over 70% of UK employees are trade union members and more than 95% are covered by the terms of formal collection agreements. Amicus – AEEU, Amicus – MSF, BALPA (British airline pilots association), Cabin Crew ‘89, GMB and TGWU are the recognized trades unions. National bargaining is facilitated by a number of formal structures for negotiation and consultation, ranging from local sectional ‘panels’ to the British Airways Trade Union Council, recently renamed the ‘Nati onal negotiation forum’ (NNF), where trade union officers meet the Executive management every month.A history of largely conflictual relations continues to exert an influence on attitudes and opinions, en gendering suspicions of motives and resistance to change. Management Background 3 describes its overriding approach to IR as ‘tactical’, taking a ‘partnership’ approach ‘when it works’ and a ‘management’ of the trades unions while admitting varying degrees of representatives in France and employee representatives in Germany and most other countries. In Italy the group operates stations in Rome and Milan as wholly owned units of the core airline business with about 220 employees.Until recently CISL was the only trade union representing BA staff in Italy, but recently UGL, CGIL and UIL are also represented. The wider representation of unions has led to better information although consultation remains essentially ‘after- the-fact’, with trade union represent5ation sensitive to attempts to bypass any union involvement. Managerial Aspects The group corporate and operating headquarters are located at Heathrow Airport in the UK. Over 61,000 staff were employed by the group worldwide in 2001/2002, 81% of them based in the UK.Currently employment after the ongoing process of rationalization across Europe and the UK is around 45,000, with operations in Germany, Austria, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Greece, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Ireland. Many of the ‘station’ in Europe, however, employ small numbers of people. Managerial Aspects 4 Some, like Finland, have fewer than 10 people. The UK employment numbers and practices therefore tend to dominate practices and culture throughout the group. THE EWCBritish Airways world Cargo EWC was established within the definitions and under the scope of Article 13 of the EC Directive of 1994 – 95 after some conflict between management and the trade unions. Management initially resisted the inclusion of the UK. Negotiations took place principally between senior representatives of the UK trade unions and senior European and HR management, with some employee representatives from the major European countries. They concluded the agreement in September 1996. Legal advice sought by the company resulted in the EWC being concluded under Belgian law.However, the BA EWC remains highly ‘UK- centric’ with the largest number of representatives, and meetings held at corporate head office at Heathrow. To maintain a European balance UK employee representatives are ineligible for the position of employee chair or spokesperson. Only the deputy position may be held by a UK representative. The agreement was initially concluded for a fixed term of two years from 18 September 1996, to become a non-fixed term agreement automatically after the initial two-year period. Either side may terminate the agreement with six months’ notice.Under the agreement, BA group: Managerial Aspects 5 †¦. recognizes the value of information and the consultation of its employees in conducting the management of the company and also recognizes the need for employees to be informed and consulted on the activities of the group. The BA EWC will deal with issues related to the structures of the British airways group as a whole, its performance and any decision influencing more than one country. In its meetings, the BA EWC will focus principally on the performance of British Airways (and in particular on relevant European Operations), e.g. relevant to trans-national employees. The agreement covers the entire employed workforce of the BA group in at least all EEA countries. A formula laid down in the agreement results in a total of 21 employee representatives, six of whom represent the UK. There are insufficient employees in any other Member state to trigger the 10% of the comm unity-scale undertaking requirement for an additional representative. Therefore the distribution of representatives remains as follows:EWC representations currently comprise 16 men and five women (none from the UK) and do not reflect the diverse racial and ethnic groups employed, particularly at Heathrow. There is, however, a representative of all functions across the airline, including pilots, cabin crew, engineering, group handling, sales and check-in personnel. Key features of the agreement are: ? It is without prejudice to the existing information and consultation structures existing at national level; ? It recognizes the need to develop dialogue and mutual understanding between management and employees on the transnational aspects of the group;? Provision for extraordinary meetings to be convened no later than 10 working days after the company announces significant transnational changes such as mergers, relocations, collective redundancies or restructuring – the spokespe rson or deputy to be informed the same day as the announcement is made; ? Representation for each establishment or group of establishments per Member State with a formula for addition al mandates according to the percentage of total employees of the group ( current ensuring a majority for the UK);? The BA EWC will be chaired by a BA representative of senior management level or above or above with European responsibilities or his or her deputy; Managerial Aspects 7 ? Central management will be represented by appropriate BA managers or their nominated deputies; ? Assistance for the employee side from two of their own experts at the preparatory meeting, the general meeting and the following meetings, and the facility to co-opt other persons as may be agreed from time to time; ? Employee representatives to serve normally for a period of three years;? Two meetings per year, normally within one month of the announcement of BA’s half-yearly and end of year results; ? The secretariat is responsible for coordinating the agenda, advising all parties, preparing and distributing the minutes; ? Employee representatives have to appoint a spokesperson ‘to be a point of reference for the chairman; ? The working language of the BA EWC in English, with facilities for translation available if necessary; ? There are arrangements for time off from normal duties for employee representatives to attend meetings, attend agreed training courses and for minimum necessary traveling time;? The BA EWC meeting will normally last three hours with facilities available for employee representatives and their experts and agreed co-optees to meet the day before the general meeting, and the afternoon after the general meeting; Managerial Aspects 8 ? Confidentially applies to information supplied as such by management, with the obligation continuing after the representatives’ terms of office and any breach considered a disciplinary offence; ? Management are entitled not to provi de information deemed confidential or prejudicial to any other party;? A joint written statement outlining the key points arising from the meeting will be circulated by the secretariat to all appropriate locations for onward briefing. Since its inception the EWC has met twice per year. If required, extraordinary meetings could be called, but only on management’s initiative in the event of level developments of the magnitude of 11 September 2001. after this event some meetings were called but these only involved members of a select committee called â€Å"the bureau†. All full general meeting is considered unwieldy and too difficult to convene at short notice.Furthermore the established information and consultation machinery would in most cases be considered most appropriate to handle corporate wide issues in extraordinary circumstances. In any cases management would be required to inform and consult via the NNF. For example during the course of this research the war wit h Iraq was taking places. The company chose to raise issues relating to the war at a meeting of the NNF, to which the employee spokesperson (or chair) was invited. The bureau is not formalized in the EWC agreement, but was established some 18 month to two years later.When it was recognized that there were some more detailed Managerial Aspects 9 discussions that needed to take place that could not be effectively handled by the larger form. It is a selected committee of management and employee representatives, normally comprising seven to nine people, including the EWC chair (a senior European manager), the employee chair (a Dane), and his deputy and a senior HR manager. A total of four employee representatives plus two experts might attend meetings. Unlike the full EWC the bureau tends to reflect a more European bias with more employee representatives and managers from Europe.The bureau has two meetings per year, in addition to the full EWC meetings, but members may communicate more frequently as required. Mission Statement To develop a portfolio of products that meet customers’ needs and delivering high levels of performance and customer care. Resources Employees Current employment after the ongoing process of rationalization across Europe and the UK is around 45,000. the UK employment numbers and practice therefore tend to dominate practices and culture throughout the group. EDI Business Resources 10 EDI Business continues to enhance the provision of customer service within the air cargo industry.British Airways World Cargo uses this technology to: 1. Receive and transmit air way bill data by EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) 2. Receive and transmit house air way bill data by EDI to customs authorities. 3. Receive and process freight. 4. Deliver automated notification of the receipt of freight. 5. Track and trace freight from the airport of origin to the airport of destination using barcode technology. 6. Improve transparency of performance measurement to customers. Main Airports Served British Airways World cargo has an extensive global network.Major airports served within the UK include: London Heathrow, London Gatwick and Manchester. With stations spanning six continents, there is an integrated flight and trucking capability that enables it cover 200 destinations in over 80 countries. Number and type of aircraft The British Airways World Cargo has a total of 32 Boeing 757-with a capacity of 195 passengers, a range of up to 3,429miles and two Rolls Royce engines –in its fleet. Other aircrafts include: Boeing 737,777,747-400,767,757-200F, 747-200F,747-400F, Airbus A319, Airbus A320, DC8-54F, and MD11F.Operations 11 Operations The British Airways World Cargo has a freighter programme that makes it one of the largest single carrier networks, with a reliable schedule, same day connections between most continent and destinations and extensive road connections. It is operated by the EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) which faci lities the receival and transmittal of airway bill data, house airway bill data, delivering of automated notification of receipt of freight, track and trace freight and improve transparency of performance measurement to customers.Markets served included operations in the UK and across Europe. The type of cargo are limited to freight , mail and courier traffic. At the export is weighed and security screened ( X-rayed) and a security certificate is issued. At many locations, BAWC employs a handling agents to accept goods for carriage and accepts payments on its behalf. Once freight is cleared, the customer has to go to the import office at the destination station with a photographic proof of identify (driving licence or passport, or similar according to local regulations) and details of the goods e. g a copy of the airway bill.It is unlikely that BWAC, or its agents would be able to correctly identify the goods without the number of the air way bill. Business Relationship 12 Business Relationship Cargo 2000 CARGO 2000 is an IATA special interest group of airlines and forwarders, setup in 1997, with the aim of setting new standards for the air cargo industry. This group identifies a need to make the process of moving cargo from A to B much more efficient. Research carried out by IATA in 1997 on unitized point freight showed that goods took as long to travel in 1997 as they haf done 25 years previously.The group agreed that the number of steps in the process had to be simplified and supported by accurate information exchange between airlines, forwarders and shippers. The Cargo 2000 group tackled this by creating the Master Operating Plan (MOP) which defined a streamlined door to door process with specific information checkpoints. The MOP introduced the concept of the route map- the prediction of the journey the freight is expected to take, based upon the booking parameters, which is then validated against actual operational data provided by the airlines and forwar ders.Cargo 2000 is working to a phased implementation programme: Phase 1 Airport to Airport- Shipment Planning and Tracking at Master Air waybill level Phase 2 Door to Door- Shipment Plannin g and Tracking at House Air waybill level Phase 3 Door to Door- Shipment Planning and Tracking at individual piece level- Document Tracking. Business Relationship 13 Benefit to Customers As Cargo members, British Airways World Cargo will: Ensure the Cargo 2000 processes relating to the carriage of air cargo are followed Monitor our performance against the standards set by Cargo 2000Integrate the quality standards set by Cargo 2000 with our own systems and policies Benchmark our performance results and implement procedures to continually review and improve our service standards Aim to achieve accreditation by meeting the criteria specified by cargo 2000 within each phase. British Airways World cargo has been involved with, and participated in the cargo 2000 group since its creation and fully supp orts the objectives and initiatives of the group. Comments The BAWC agenda, focuses on company results and strategy, including items such as plans for aircraft and how management perceive the future of some sectors.Concerns that the company has for south America have been raised as these will inevitably result in some cutbacks in operations in this area. Competition of the North Altantic routes, cutbacks in the USA as a result of the war, and how the company can complete for corporate business, are issues for discussion. Discussion in meetings is not and will not be con fined to BA in Europe, but will encompass the global context for operations. Changes made in the engineering services that affected people working in engineering across Europe were an example of this.The process of consultation had to respect national representative structure and procedures and therefore consultations would always take place at works councils across Europe- particularly in Germany and at the UK trade s union panels and forums, before any discussion could take place at the EWC. Future plans/developments 14 Future plans/developments Management’s aim to provide full and high –level information on transnational issues has evinced a level of empathy from the employee side of the company.While management effectively controls the EWC process there is nonetheless an evident maturation on the employee side with members attempting to make a positive and ‘professional’ input. Crossover communication channels between negotiation forums and the EWC are suggested by management and the employee side both within and outside the EWC, as desirable future developments to enable the EWC to have more relevance and to limit the current duplication of consultation activities.The employee respondents would also welcome more opportunities for employee- only meetings. It is not thought that EU enlargement will significantly affect the BAEWC other than adding to its size and bur eaucracy, possible making it more unwieldy. In consequences the smaller bureau might assume a more emphatic and vigorous role. The UK representatives will still make up the largest national group with the EWC and continue their current dominance.It is hoped that the training currently planned for employee representatives will help new members quickly assume their roles and contribute regardless of their culture. The nature of the industry ensures that English will remain the preferred language. References 1. www. eurofound. eu. int 2. Europe Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working conditions, 2005. 3. BALPA, British Airtime and Pilots Association Journal 2005. 4. EC Directive, Article 13, 1994 – 1995 5. Amicus – AEEU, Journal 2003 6. IATA Journal, 1997. International Air Transport Association

Computer and Enrollment

Chapter I: Background of the Study Introduction The technology todays plays a vital role in our society. It makes man work easier and fast. The discovery of computer was the great function of modernity for different to make work easier, more capable and more adaptable for the humanity. This desire to simplify lives and perform more effectively creates a new technology for improving lives within our society. Because need exist, man developed and applied technology to fill those needs. Technology is one of the tools to solved man’s craving for their needs.It made the man more efficient for students and provide path to communicate to entire earth. Many manual transactions can be computerized by using software application or computer system to make work easier and efficient. Information technology can give a company ready access to improve product and service quality, reduce costs, increase productivity in smallest time possible, and communication between employees and to make thi ngs with lesser effort but having better output and even improve quality. Computerization is a control system that manages processes in industrial workplace.It reduced human errors and processing time, thus it can boost productivity and resulted into high quality of product produce. In Information System, computerization is concerned about interrelating different but interdependent transactions. This can result in a system with well-integrated processes that can perform much faster and more accurate than a manual system. Enrollment is the process of entering and verifying data of student to register on a particular school. Different interrelated processes build up enrollment procedures called Enrollment System.Enrollment System is used particularly in recording and retrieving students’ information. Tracking students’ information is also one feature of Enrollment System, in which the school can trace the standing of a student. Verifying payments was also added to update or browse students’ billings. Enrollment System is a good example of a computer generated process. This can lessen the workload and provides accurate information needed of the school. As a result, it  will benefit not only the student but the administration as a whole.The system design project, Enrollment System that will provide the needed and storing information in a faster,    more convenient way by storing file of the student enrollees in a computer system that will lessen the effort of faculty staff in storing files of each student every now and then. This will also serve as information especially for the irregular students, freshmen, transferee, and professor in able to get access in course, subject, professor, and student enrollees. This information here can be viewed in just a second without worrying that a single file is lost.The idea behind a enrollment system is not a new concept. As student enrollees increase every year, enrollment procedure become harder to deal. This will only serve to increase the problem facing enrollment that provides more easy way in enrolling. A computer based system is a system in which the computer plays a major role and this kind of system is needed by every companies and institutions nowadays. This is the best way of storing and retrieving data on a server or hard disk rather than using papers and file cabinets.This will also be a big help to all the enrollment staff especially under the computer department because they are the one who are entitled to touch and read the information from here. It will help our institution to have another system that will upgrade the enrollment processes so as to meet the quality that our institutions are trying to meet. This study is to know if Computerization is very much in need in Enrollment System of Montessori Professional College. We conducted reserches and survey to get information from the student to know what does computerization can give to improve this institution. Significance of the StudyThis study aimed impart to the mind of the readers the importance of the technolgy in an institution. The advantages and disadvantages ofusing this extra-ordinary creation of man. How the students and employee will respond if this computerization will be implemented. The reason why the researchers conduct this study is because of the reason that many of students having difficulty in enrolling because of Manual Operation Enrollment in Montessori Professional College. This study will may be a references from the administration to implent or not the Computerization Enrollment System. To avoid some conflict to the students nd administration the survey we prepared have no means of any identifacation, and the actual Survey Report will be kept secretly by the reserachers. After this study, we will determined how the students will respond to the Computerization, the current experiences encountered by the students in Montessori Professional College while enrolling, t he comment of the employee regarding this proposal. The actual percentage of the agree and disagree students to the survey conducted. This study also serves as a references in Administration of Montessori Professional College to change the current Enrollment System.. . Defnition of TermsComputer-is a general purpose device that can be  programmed  to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. Manual Operation- Any processing operation performed by hand. Computerized- To furnish with a computer or computer system. To enter, process, or store (information) in a computer or system of computers. Institution- is any  structure  or  mechanism  of  social order  and  cooperation  governing the  behaviorof a set of  individuals  within a given community — may it be human or a specific animal one.Institutions are identified with a  s ocial purpose, transcending individuals and intentions by mediating the rules that govern cooperative living behavior. Enrollment- The act or process of enrolling, The act or process of enrolling, A record or an entry. System- is a  set  of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole or a set of  elements   and  relationshipswhich are different from relationships of the set or its elements to other elements or sets. Boredom-is an  emotional  state experienced when an individual is left without anything in particular to do, and not interested in their surroundings.Administration- The act or process of administering, especially the management of a government or large institution. The activity of a government or state in the exercise of its powers and duties. Students- is a learner, or someone who attends an educational institution. In some nations, the English term is reserved for those who attend  university, while a schoolchild under the age of eighteen is called a  pupil  in English . In its widest use,  student  is used for anyone who is  learning.Employee- A  person  who is hired to provide  services  to a  company  on a  regular  basis in  exchange  for compensation and who does not provide these services as part of an independent  business. Survey- A  detailed  study  of a  market  or geographical area to gather  data  on  attitudes,  impressions,  opinions,  satisfaction  level, etc. , by polling a  section  of the  population. Research- is formal work undertaken systematically to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications CHAPTER II: Project Description Statement of the Problem 1.How does Manual Operation in Enrollment affect the Institution’s image to the students? 2. What was the advantages and disadvantages of using Manual Operation i n Enrollment? 3. In Montessori Professional College, does Manual Operation in Enrollment was still effective? 4. What was the advatages and disadvantages of Computerization of Enrollment System? 5. How will Computerized Enrollment System affect Montessori College System? 6. Would the student agree if the administration apply this new system in Montessori Professional College? 7. If Computerized Enrollment System will be implemented, how will the employee respond to the new system?Proposed Research Project Scope and Dilimitation Out of all the students in Montessori Professional College, 50 students were randomly selected to be used as a sample in conducting survey about the curent Enrollment System. This study limits only to those who were studying in MPC. Its main purpose is to determined the comment of the students with regard to the existing system. The advantages and disanvantages of Manual and Computerized Enrollment System. This study considers every aspect of students persona l information that has an impact on their academic performances as their educational background, allowance, gender and age.Each of the respondents are given same questionnaire to answer. And this study focuses on the current student of the present academic year 2012 – 2013. General Objectives This study was aiming to impart to the mind of the reader the importance of innovation in an Institution. Specific Objectives This study aims to create an idea for the current Adminstration of Montessori Professional College to change the old system of the enrollment as a demand of students to lessen the work but with greater payoff. Scope and Limitation Cases Study on Computerized Enrollment System A computerized enrollment system is a multi-function processing operation.Computerization of enrollment information interrelates different yet interdependent transactions in a systematized and functional way. The use of computerized enrollment systems by organizations to help coordinate peopl e and information is increasing throughout the world. Many experts cite numerous reasons why computerized   enrollment systems are viable choices for schools, training programs and workplace operations. Educational institutions, such as colleges and grade schools, are assessed for a case  study. Computerized enrollment systems for educational services and training programs reduce processing time and human errors.Online automated systems, which accept and organize enrollee information, can boost productivity. Systems operations proceed faster, more efficiently and with greater accuracy than manual enrollment systems. Programs are comprehensive and capable of handling all interrelated processes, including: completion of all related forms; development, organization and maintenance of files; creation of master lists and other special reports; fee assessments and balances; departmentalized accounts receivable reports; class schedules; and record  updates.Computer generated enrollme nt solutions afford students choices like options for payment 24/7 that can benefit the whole operation. Systems typically include data protection and backup frameworks. Student enrollees have access to their personal information only. School personnel are able to keep up with teacher and student photos, grade point averages and other pertinent identification data, such as grades, quizzes and any other modules that are considered necessary for efficient administration.Modifications in school policies and requirements are easily edited online. Career guidance and evaluations are facilitated and traceable. What the online enrollment program effectively amounts to is a self-service, on-demand student and administrator friendly guide and process optimizer. Employee workload is decreased and administrators can spend more time giving students more personalized attention and encouragement. Also, the enrollment system is compatible with mobile app versions for students and school staff. In Philippine Setting

The postman always ring twice Essay Example

The postman always ring twice Essay Example The postman always ring twice Essay The postman always ring twice Essay In addiction, the essay will also cover the reasons why director allowed specific plots In the film are different from the novel. According to the movie, Core and her husband Nick were running a restaurant on a street. They decided to hire someone so that they can provide better service. Frank was a drifter, and he was attracted by Core, which made him decide to work for the couple. Frank started to flirt with Core at work but Core was not showing interests in him at beginning until she found herself fell in love with Frank during those days. Soon they decided to elope because Core could not stand live with someone she did not love. But the elopement turned out to fall by the reason of losing source of income. They come back and scheme on murdering Nick so that she will not losing the diner. However, the first murder did not succeed because the police around and a cat made short circuit accident. They killed Nick at second attempt but Frank broke his leg and prosecutor found out. Frank turned in Core after talking with prosecutor in exchange of trying murder only on Core. Core escaped from the lawsuit but since then Core and Frank did not trust each other anymore. They lived together without happiness. This relationship with mistrust was not ending until Core found herself pregnant. She asked Frank to go to the beach they dated before and Core found that Frank still loved her. There seemed to be a destiny. When she imagine everything could go right, an accident happened to Core. A car hit Core and Core died. The police found a letter from Core to Frank. Knowing all detail between the lovers, police decided to charge Frank under murder. There is no doubt that this movie reflected the selfish and greedy from human being. Frank knows Core has a husband, and he soul seduce her. However, Core cheated on Nick then planed for a murder in order to obtain the diner. On one hand, Core cannot suffer poor life. On the other hand, she wants to do some achievements by the diner. She is absolutely femme fatal that failed the first attempt and takes a second chance with no hesitating or regret. Another evidence of selfish Is Frank sign the document to charge Core Is the criminal suspect of Nicks death. Even before that, Frank was trying to explain for Core when the car was turning over and over why she was already down the road and yelling for help. However when he was told that there was an insurance queue which he did not know, he changed. So Frank was not responsible for Core with the name of love. Selfish pushed him to betray. Furthermore, the movie reflected also importance of trust and communication. Core had bias on believing Frank turned her voluntarily. Moreover, the main reason of their trust crisis is because of the Insurance queue which was signed by Nick. However, Frank thought It was Selenga Dye Core Ana sane wants to nave ten money all to nearest . Even IT lawyer helps them get away from prison, both of the lovers were afraid of the other one will frame himself or herself. The most touching part of the movie was the lover came back to the beach they fell in love, Core threw the question whether Frank will take her back to the seaside. Core was brave enough to risk her life to rebuild the trust and happiness in the past. And suddenly the car accident broke every piece of beautiful memories in the dust and brought the story to an end. Since the movie was adapted from the novel, there are some different plots. And all the differences are reasonable. In the novel, Core is a Mexican woman with dark hair and dark skin while in the movie, she is white and beautiful. That is because the director makes Franks love more superficial. Maybe it is because of the time limited, the movie cut off many loving details between Core and Frank while in the novel, there are many words to talk about it. However, in my opinion, the main reason is that the director wants the audiences focus on the personalities(selfishness, greed, desire, trust, etc. ). In addiction, if the movie shows many details about their sex scenes then people who are underage would not allow to watch it. As far as I am concerned, segments of passion is not necessary in the movie since audiences can feel Core and Franks love urine their action.

Free Essays on 1984 - Relations Of Totalitarianism

related to it." (Internet, Bartleby) "Even thinking rebellious thought is illegal, the worst of all crimes.† Telescreens were the eyes of the party, not to mention anywhere you went you were reminded of the omniscient figure named Big Brother. The party used five different techniques to restrain citizens. The first technique used was â€Å"Psychological Manipulation.† Behavior of the members was monitored closely. Every time you turned around or went somewhere you were being constantly reminded that, â€Å"Big Brother is watching you† (Orwell 5). Children were inducted into an organization called the â€Å"Junior Spies†. They were brainwashed and encouraged that it was okay to spy on their parents. When there was disloyalty to the party from adults their children were the most likely ones to submit them to punishment. The sec... Free Essays on 1984 - Relations Of Totalitarianism Free Essays on 1984 - Relations Of Totalitarianism Relations of Totalitarianism Even though George Orwell’s mind-numbing novel 1984 was written in 1929, he accurately predicted some societies outcome of a totalitarianism government. In the book 1984, Winston Smith, a low member of the ruling party, lived and matured with the concept of a totalitarian government. The same totalitarian concept took place in Fascist Italy under the ruling of Benito Mussolini in the early 1900‘s. Mussolini and Orwell’s concepts and ideas intertwined in imagination. They both had the same notion, Orwell’s 1984 resembled a perfect totalitarian society. Outcomes of situations were beyond extreme, unimaginable to the modern day government. Imagine living in a society in which you are completely restrained from having freedom. Winston lives life in Oceana, a city in London. A â€Å"party† that controls everything, such as history and language, continuously watches and controls him. An invented language called newspeak that was force to be used as member’s native language. The party believes that newspeak "Prevents political rebellion by eliminating all words related to it." (Internet, Bartleby) "Even thinking rebellious thought is illegal, the worst of all crimes.† Telescreens were the eyes of the party, not to mention anywhere you went you were reminded of the omniscient figure named Big Brother. The party used five different techniques to restrain citizens. The first technique used was â€Å"Psychological Manipulation.† Behavior of the members was monitored closely. Every time you turned around or went somewhere you were being constantly reminded that, â€Å"Big Brother is watching you† (Orwell 5). Children were inducted into an organization called the â€Å"Junior Spies†. They were brainwashed and encouraged that it was okay to spy on their parents. When there was disloyalty to the party from adults their children were the most likely ones to submit them to punishment. The sec...

Sweetness Overload 14 Cute Valentines Day Gifts Ideas

Sweetness Overload 14 Cute Valentines Day Gifts Ideas If you’re looking for some Valentine’s Day gift ideas that off the charts in terms of cuteness and sweetness, then this article is definitely for you. Each one of these 14 ideas is a bottomless pit of adorable potential that you can use to really make an impression this year on someone extra special. The key theme that we’ll be focusing on is personalization. When you put in some extra effort and make the gift unique that really says something to them that no generic gift off the shelf can really accomplish. Let’s begin. 1. Homemade Plant Holder Getting flowers and a vase is nice, but why not make something yourself that they can use and keep in their home or kitchen for the rest of their lives? What can you use to make a plant-holder which could have their name on it, or a special message? 2. Get Fridge-Crafty Make a sweet fridge magnet yourself. Or, you could find a really cute retail magnet and then spruce it up with your own decorations. 3. Make Your Own Card Instead of buying a card from the shelf, make one yourself. Again, there are almost endless possibilities here. When possible go with something other than paper. Find a surface that will last longer. 4. Use Expensive Chocolate Instead of going for some dirt-cheap chocolate, why not get some quality stuff with a really interesting story behind it. For example, Endangered Species chocolate is not only super health and organic (mega-tasty), but a portion of the proceeds goes toward saving an†¦endangered species. How sweet is that? 5. Paint The Cup Yourself Everybody loves a quality coffee mug. Here’s a thought: paint it yourself! Who cares whether or not it’s the best or worst paint job ever? You’re making something unique and that’s a big deal to everyone. 6. Healthy Heart-Shaped Baking Go for a super-healthy cookie or cake mix and include some organic frosting for an extra special statement that says, â€Å"I wanted to give you something sweet, but healthy as well.† 7. Really Say Something Don’t just put the ordinary drivel in their card. Really write something from the heart that will make their eyes tear up. Honestly and sincerity with some love behind it. 8. Frame Custom Cuteness-Art Getting the frame is easy. Then it becomes a matter of using your creative energy to put something within it that communicates to them how special they are. 9. An Original Pillow It’s too easy to just go out and buy some industrial throw pillow that’s soft for a while but then quickly gets old or thrown into the closet. Instead, make one yourself that they’ll keep on their bed for years. Oh, and make sure to give it a nice scent with some cologne or perfume. 10. A Photo Kiosk Experience! This is the perfect addition to any Valentine’s Day. They typically have them in malls. You know, the little photo booths with enough room for two that takes four pictures? Get goofy. Get silly. Hug and have a smooch! 11. Go Back to Grade School Remember Valentine’s Day back in grade school when everyone would make, fill out and then give cards to others? What if you got all the supplies and stuff and sat down with a special someone to make cards for one another? So cute! 12. Make a Special Valentine’s Day Shirt Maybe it won’t be a shirt they wear to school, but for one day they could and it will really add a layer of uniqueness. Don’t make it embarrassing! And make sure it fits them rather than looking like a hand-painted parachute shirt. If you want to go into sweetness overdrive, create a matching one for yourself that you can wear along with them. 13. Incorporate some Fitness Most of us imagine stores full of boxes of chocolate, cupcakes and candy on Valentine’s Day. It’s how the special day has been heavily monetized by the retail industry. But not everyone has a sweet tooth or is interested in fattening sweets. Maybe they would prefer to get outside and go on a hike, jog or bike ride with their special someone? That’s also super cute, especially if you’re wearing the special shirts you made, or you’ve laced up the bike seats with special Valentine’s Day decorations! 14. Go Completely Overboard What if they walked into their front door to a tsunami of red, purple and pink balloons? What if they do have more than one sweet tooth and you ordered 30 boxes of chocolates with a massive bouquet of flowers to their address? There’s many ways you can go overboard, more so than you ever have or ever will again. Now that’s sweet! Tell us something you’ve done or plan to do this Valentine’s Day that you know will really work wonders in the sweetness department.

Evaluating Public Relations Campaigns Assignment

Evaluating Public Relations Campaigns - Assignment Example nal higher education meeting at which Virginia Tech administrators shared lessons learned; and Public Affairs staff participated in an exhaustive, line-by-line review of the Virginia Tech Review Panel report. Thus, the NIU crisis communications plan that was enacted on February 14, 2008 was greatly informed by the collective wisdom of the aforementioned experts, as well as the generosity of their counterparts at Virginia Tech. The outcome objectives of the campaign included: (1) to keep all audiences, particularly students and parents, as widely informed as possible throughout crisis, (2) to use website to provide updates to all audiences, including the news-hungry media, (3) to treat news media as partners , as they have communication tools necessary to reach primary audiences, (4) to maintain institutional credibility through maximum timely disclosure, (5) to manage the message- Victims and their families are fisrt priority, (6) to re-establish reputation as a safe and caring campus community. Among the output objectives of the campaign were: (1) issuing of a report praising the NIU’s response and excellence in crisis communication by the Illinois Governor’s Task Force on Campus Security, (2) commissioning of a report on the NIU’s incident in which crisis communication is held up as exemplary by the U.S Department of Homeland Security, (3) praising of the NIU institution for â€Å"transparency and candour’’ by the Chicago Tribune. As a result, to evaluate the effectiveness of the campaign, Applications from prospective students continue to rise, and only 19 of 300+ students directly affected by the shooting left the university. NIU Public Affairs staffs are in demand as speakers and consultants for other universities developing crisis plans. No lawsuits have been filed in connection with the February 14, 2008 shooting. Spontaneous and unsolicited gifts for scholarships and memorials total more than $1 million. In turn, an additional evaluation method

Blue Back Square Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Blue Back Square - Essay Example Therefore, in defining a myth, three aspects have to be considered: the signifier, the signified, and the sign (Barthes, 114). The significant according to Barthes has to be the original crisis within a subject about which people have to try and create meaning. The literature about the item may be termed as the signifier, while the relationship between the crisis and the language used may be termed as the signification. All above aspects have to be reduced to mere language, whether in form of symbolism, or the language used to describe such an object. In this article, the architectural work in Blue Back Square, the significance of the square and the myths that may be used to describe and construct meaning regarding the city will be illustrated in explaining the meaning of myth. Lynch (6) explains that the environmental or observable images in a particular place are as a result of the observer and the environment. In this case as Lynch elaborates, the environment offers distinctions a nd inherent relations, with the observer using their adaptations and reasoning to construct, organize and give meaning to what they see. The image observed in this case, limits and gives more emphasis on what is perceived, while the image is then tested with multiple inputs of perception, making the reality observed from such a building to have multiple realities between different observers; this makes any phenomena to qualify in being a myth. For example, in Blue Back Square, in West Hartford town, the community stands out in its peculiar and unique characteristics that make people to try in constructing meanings regarding the symbolism, or what is being communicated by such a culture, in what amounts to be a myth. The locality takes pride in many architectural works, which are perceived to communicate certain aspects in history or cultural orientation. For example, in Blue Back Square, though the square is in the middle of another city, the place looks like a city in its own, comp lete with a unique identity described by a rich heritage of buildings, some of which are a few hundred years old, and a rich mixture of different cultures from Europe, blacks, Moroccans, and others. The rich cultural heritage provides a rich mixture of cultures represented by buildings, people, and other styles that make people to construct the meaning regarding signification communicated by such different stylistic works, which gives the inner city a unique and beautiful image from the rest. The attempt to construct such signification constitutes to a myth in this case, as more and more explanations have to be made on the same. In other words, a myth needs the signified, which is the heritage and cultural context communicated by such architectural work, the signifier which is the language used to construct such meaning, and the signification, which is the relationship between the signifier and signification, or work that has to be done (Berthes, 114). Moreover, speech or message in this case is not constructed only through written language, but also through the photography, and the perceived images of such buildings. The purpose of a myth is to cause an impression which is treasured among the people with whom such impression is credited to, despite the reality of truth. For example,

Blue Back Square Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Blue Back Square - Essay Example Therefore, in defining a myth, three aspects have to be considered: the signifier, the signified, and the sign (Barthes, 114). The significant according to Barthes has to be the original crisis within a subject about which people have to try and create meaning. The literature about the item may be termed as the signifier, while the relationship between the crisis and the language used may be termed as the signification. All above aspects have to be reduced to mere language, whether in form of symbolism, or the language used to describe such an object. In this article, the architectural work in Blue Back Square, the significance of the square and the myths that may be used to describe and construct meaning regarding the city will be illustrated in explaining the meaning of myth. Lynch (6) explains that the environmental or observable images in a particular place are as a result of the observer and the environment. In this case as Lynch elaborates, the environment offers distinctions a nd inherent relations, with the observer using their adaptations and reasoning to construct, organize and give meaning to what they see. The image observed in this case, limits and gives more emphasis on what is perceived, while the image is then tested with multiple inputs of perception, making the reality observed from such a building to have multiple realities between different observers; this makes any phenomena to qualify in being a myth. For example, in Blue Back Square, in West Hartford town, the community stands out in its peculiar and unique characteristics that make people to try in constructing meanings regarding the symbolism, or what is being communicated by such a culture, in what amounts to be a myth. The locality takes pride in many architectural works, which are perceived to communicate certain aspects in history or cultural orientation. For example, in Blue Back Square, though the square is in the middle of another city, the place looks like a city in its own, comp lete with a unique identity described by a rich heritage of buildings, some of which are a few hundred years old, and a rich mixture of different cultures from Europe, blacks, Moroccans, and others. The rich cultural heritage provides a rich mixture of cultures represented by buildings, people, and other styles that make people to construct the meaning regarding signification communicated by such different stylistic works, which gives the inner city a unique and beautiful image from the rest. The attempt to construct such signification constitutes to a myth in this case, as more and more explanations have to be made on the same. In other words, a myth needs the signified, which is the heritage and cultural context communicated by such architectural work, the signifier which is the language used to construct such meaning, and the signification, which is the relationship between the signifier and signification, or work that has to be done (Berthes, 114). Moreover, speech or message in this case is not constructed only through written language, but also through the photography, and the perceived images of such buildings. The purpose of a myth is to cause an impression which is treasured among the people with whom such impression is credited to, despite the reality of truth. For example,

Special education discussion Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Special education discussion - Coursework Example For instance, a story about a blind person who still went ahead to finish his postgraduate studies and does motivational talks for other people with disabilities as well. Some of them despite their disabilities, work very hard against the perception that the society has towards them. They work very hard to prove that disability is not inability and that they can do the things that people without disabilities can do. Some of the articles are educative on the types of disabilities that exist. For instance, there are people who are physically challenged such as those who cannot walk, the blind and the deaf. Understanding special education is a skill that most people especially those dealing with the people living with disabilities should have (Friend, 2010). They need to be able to understand their feelings towards certain issues in addition to being very understanding. For instance, the teacher has to have some knowledge of braille if he is interacting with blind students. He also has to learn sign language if he dealing with deaf students. There is a group of teachers who are skilled in dealing with people living with disabilities and challenged in one way or another. This is particularly the case where the disability is so severe that the child cannot learn in normal classroom with the rest of her peers (Friend, 2010). The procedures of special education is so detailed and each child is treated differently according to the type of students that they are dealing with. Each type of disability has its own method of teaching and thus the carers should be aware of such. The mentally challenged is the most disadvantaged group as they are very easily taken advantage of. There have been many incidences where mentally disabled people have been locked in houses with no access whatsoever to the outside world. This is because they are not capable of having the same emotional responses as the rest of the population (Marshall,

Design Process Tchnical Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Design Process Tchnical - Research Paper Example The Ericsson Company pioneered the development of Bluetooth technology in the early 1990s, with the key individuals behind the discovery being Jaap Haartsen and Sven Mattisson (Burbank et al. 2013). Its name originates from the legendary Harald Bluetooth, a king who united two warring tribes, hence the borrowing of the name, owing to the capability of Bluetooth technology to connect two devices for data transfer. The development of Bluetooth technology has come in the form of versions since its inception in the 90s (Franklin & Layton, 2014). The first version of the device (known as Bluetooth 1.) came in the initial stages of homogenization. However, this earlier version had the challenge of compatibility, since it did not work with other devices. Additionally, the device posed challenges of slowed connectivity, hence the need for its improvement (Burbank et al. 2013). The second version of Bluetooth appeared in 2004, and this came with increased speed and higher compatibility rate, as opposed to the earlier version. Later, in 2007, the manufacturers upgraded this Bluetooth version into version 2.1. The device had a higher compatibility rate, reduced power consumption and increased connectivity speed. Research is still in progress to fashion a better version of this technology that will enable even faster connectivity and save on time and power consumption. Bluetooth technology came in handy to eliminate challenges of technology that wire technology posed. Besides, Bluetooth technology has significantly aided in the reduction of cost challenges that cable technology poses, since, before the invention of this technology, one has to utilize cables that were costly, slow and consumed vast amounts of energy (Burbank et al. 2013). Bluetooth technology is an inexpensive mode of communications that allow data transfer over short distance ranges. The ranges of 2.4 to 2.5 GHz may be unregistered across the

Political Economy of the European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Political Economy of the European Union - Essay Example states, assuring the  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœfreedom of movement of people, goods, services and capital’.  It preserves a common trade policy,  agricultural and  fisheries  policies,  and a regional development policy.  Fifteen member states have implemented a common currency, the  euro. It has build up a role in  foreign policy, and represents its members in the  World Trade Organization, at  G8  summits and at the  United Nations. Twenty-one EU nations are part of  NATO. It has also taken up a responsibility in justice and home affairs, which includes the elimination of passport control between many member nations under the  Schengen Agreement. (Alan, 2007) The EU functions through a hybrid mechanism of  intergovernmentalism  and  supranationalism. In particular areas it relies on agreement among the member states. However, it also possesses supranational bodies, thus is competent to make judgments without agreement between each and every national governments. Among the prominent institutions and bodies of the EU are the  European Commission, the  European Parliament, the  Council of the European Union, the  European Council, the  European Court of Justice,  and the  European Central Bank. In every five years, the Parliament is elected by the EU citizens. Origins of the EU go back to the formation of the  European Coal and Steel Community,  formed among six countries in 1951 and the  Treaty of Rome  in 1957. Thereafter the EU has expanded in size via accession of new associate states, and in authority by adding new policy areas to its remit. (Richard, 2006) Subsequent to the  Second World War, efforts made towards European integration were viewed as a get away approach from the intense forms of nationalism, which had ravaged the continent.  The  formation of the European Coal and Steel Community was among one such attempt to bring together Europeans. While having the unassuming aim of federal control of the formerly national coal and steel industries of its member nations, it

Different experience of two passengers in the airplane Essay

Different experience of two passengers in the airplane - Essay Example Here the essay indicates one person’s perspective upon the entering the plane and allowing the cramped space of the seating to ruin their experience throughout the flight. Conversely, the point of view of the other passenger is not as adversely affected by the cramped seating. In this example, the essay states, â€Å"When the passengers took their seats and reached towards the magazines in front of them they settled into what would become a wonderful airplane ride across the Atlantic Ocean. While the airplane wasn’t as large as traditional airliners it had a number of charming elements that made it more enjoyable than other flight methods.† These examples not only demonstrate how one passenger can perceive things differently from the simple nature of their physical size (as one space is cramped for person one, but not person two), but also rhetorically demonstrate that this experience shaded the individual’s perception of the entire trip. Another rhetorica l strategy that was implemented was showing how different people could interpret the same event in different ways. In terms of these essays, they demonstrated how the talking and general noise that occurred during the flight was interpreted differently, with the first passenger finding them irritating and the second enjoying them. Ultimately, these rhetorical elements demonstrate the means by which the same event, when experienced by different people, can be perceived in entirely different ways.

Political Economy of the European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Political Economy of the European Union - Essay Example states, assuring the  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœfreedom of movement of people, goods, services and capital’.  It preserves a common trade policy,  agricultural and  fisheries  policies,  and a regional development policy.  Fifteen member states have implemented a common currency, the  euro. It has build up a role in  foreign policy, and represents its members in the  World Trade Organization, at  G8  summits and at the  United Nations. Twenty-one EU nations are part of  NATO. It has also taken up a responsibility in justice and home affairs, which includes the elimination of passport control between many member nations under the  Schengen Agreement. (Alan, 2007) The EU functions through a hybrid mechanism of  intergovernmentalism  and  supranationalism. In particular areas it relies on agreement among the member states. However, it also possesses supranational bodies, thus is competent to make judgments without agreement between each and every national governments. Among the prominent institutions and bodies of the EU are the  European Commission, the  European Parliament, the  Council of the European Union, the  European Council, the  European Court of Justice,  and the  European Central Bank. In every five years, the Parliament is elected by the EU citizens. Origins of the EU go back to the formation of the  European Coal and Steel Community,  formed among six countries in 1951 and the  Treaty of Rome  in 1957. Thereafter the EU has expanded in size via accession of new associate states, and in authority by adding new policy areas to its remit. (Richard, 2006) Subsequent to the  Second World War, efforts made towards European integration were viewed as a get away approach from the intense forms of nationalism, which had ravaged the continent.  The  formation of the European Coal and Steel Community was among one such attempt to bring together Europeans. While having the unassuming aim of federal control of the formerly national coal and steel industries of its member nations, it

Schindler Elevators Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Schindler Elevators - Essay Example Large corporations have a responsibility to ensure that they fulfill their promises of quality and confidence. While large businesses have thousands of customers, dissatisfying one customer or not fulfilling customers’ expectations can significantly affect the reputation of a company. Companies rely upon word of mouth, and after building a reputation that has prevailed for years, one incident can change the perception of their customers forever (Ouchi, 1981, p. 82). Once a company makes a mistake, they will take numerous actions to compensate the customer or let the public know their viewpoint regarding the incident. Some mistakes are forgivable and only affect the company’s short-term sales while other mistakes may even cause the company to file bankruptcy or go out of business (Ohmae, 1982, pp. 45-48). Accidents that cause death, injury, or serious mistreatment of customers may result in a boycott of the company’s products, as well (Schendel, 1979, p. 45). Smal ler mistakes such as faulty products or malfunctioning goods may only result in the company having to replace the products and refund the customer (Barney, 1986, p. 1236). Discussion Japan is a market with very high context culture and very strict standards of adherence to cultural practices. The Japanese are not sympathetic towards other cultures and do not allow international companies to take advantage of using different social norms when they conduct business in Japan. Japanese customers expect extremely high quality standards and do not tolerate even slight deviances from those standards. It is mandatory to please Japanese customers and mistakes are not easily forgiven. Operating in this rigid environment was the renowned company, Schindler Elevators. The company was established by Robert Schindler in 1875 in Germany. Little by little, the company grew and expanded into other areas such as Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Today, Schindler is the world’s leading supplie r of escalators and elevators and is responsible for making some of the world’s best transport systems. It is also responsible for transporting approximately 700 million people daily (Schindler, 2006; Fink, 1986, pp. 76-79). However, Schindler Elevators is seriously suffering from decreasing market share and sales in Japan and it is even unable to find employees in the Japanese market because of an accident that occurred with one of its elevators. Schindler’s bad reputation also caused it to lose service contracts. The accident that got Schindler into trouble occurred in 2006 in Minato Ward, Tokyo. A 16-year old boy was getting off a Schindler elevator with his bicycle while the doors were ajar. The elevator began to move upwards and the boy was crushed between the doorframes and died instantly. The Japanese were outraged. Immediately following the accident, Schindler gave a press conference. While Schindler sympathised with the victim’s family, the company also maintained that there was no fault in the quality standards of the elevator and it asserted that the company was very particular about its safety standards. This press conference was followed by a series of additional press conferences in which Schindler explained the accident but did not apologize to the victim’s family or meet them. The Japanese expected an immediate and complete apology, but it took nine days for the Schindler Company to apologize after the accident, and the Japanese did not consider it a full apology (Japan Times, 2009). The public perception was that the company was arrogant and lacked high quality standards and a sense of responsibility. The Japanese are not used to companies that do not perceive responsibility as an

Genetic engineering - Maize Essay Example for Free

Genetic engineering Maize Essay Introduction Genetically modified, by definition, is a term denoting or derived from an organism whose DNA has been altered for the purpose of improvement or correction of defects. (dictionary. com) Genetically modified foods are foods that have been altered to enhance certain traits for the purpose of making them more desirable to consumers. Since the development of this process, modified foods have become more common throughout the years, and with their increase in production there has also been great controversy. History of Genetically Modified Foods In 1994, the first genetically modified food the Food and Drug Administration deemed safe enough for human consumption was a tomato called the â€Å"Flavr Savr,† produced in California. The purpose of altering the tomato was for it to be resistant to rotting and decaying as quickly as tomatoes usually do. They were not labeled as being genetically modified and they were between two and five time more expensive than ordinary tomatoes, but consumers still purchased them. However, due to competition, brought on by a tomato made conventionally and with a longer shelf life, the Flavr Savr tomatoes were not profitable. Genetically modified tomatoes were then made into a tomato puree and sold in Europe in the mid-1990s, but a couple years later controversy arose over the concept of genetically modifying food. In 1998, a doctor from Aberdeen, in Scotland, published results from a research study he conducted suggesting that genetically modified potatoes, injected with an insecticide gene from the snowdrop plant, were toxic to rats. A year later it was announced that beginning in 1999, there were to be trials of genetically modified crops engineered to be resistant to herbicides. The purpose of the trials was to uncover the effects of these crops on farmland wildlife. However, this was criticized to be potentially dangerous to nearby crops, as well as honey that could be affected by cross-pollination. Sure enough, later that year pollen from genetically modified oilseed rape, a plant that is used to produce canola oil, was found at beehives almost three miles away. Two out of nine samples of honey being sold in supermarkets were contaminated in May 2000. At this point in time, nine out of ten people were against the idea of genetically modifying foods. (dailymail. co. uk) Despite the controversy surrounding genetically modified plants and foods in earlier years, technologies have advanced, and in 2006, 10. 3 million farmers planted 252 million acres of transgenic crops in 22 countries. The United States, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, India, China, Paraguay, and South Africa grew 97% of these crops. Soybeans, corn, cotton, canola, and alfalfa were modified to be herbicide and insect resistant, whereas other crops, like sweet potatoes for instance were modified to be able to survive harsh weather conditions. (Ornl. gov) The process of genetic modification Genetically modifying foods changes their genetic makeup in some way. The purpose of doing this is to enhance certain aspects of the food, for example, increasing its resistance to herbicides or its nutritional value. Traditionally, this has been done by way of selectively breeding plants or animals for specific genetic traits, however this method has proven to be potentially inaccurate and very time consuming. Genetic modification on the other hand can physically isolate a particular gene and insert it into another substance, enabling it to then posses that quality. This is done very quickly and accurately. Plants can be made insect resistant, virus resistant, or more tolerant to herbicides. Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium that produces a gene for toxin production that is safe for human production. To achieve insect resistance, the gene is injected into the crops that will then be able to produce this toxin on their own, leading to a decreased need for insecticides. To achieve virus resistance, crops must be introduced to the gene from that particular disease-causing virus. This results in less susceptibility to the disease and higher crop yields. Similarly, to achieve herbicide tolerance, a gene from a bacterium that will transmit resistance to some herbicides must be injected into the crops, in turn reducing the amount of herbicides used. Purpose of genetically modifying foods. There are many reasons for producing and selling genetically modified foods over those that are traditionally produced. Originally, the intent was increased protection of crops. This is still one of the process’ objectives, however there are many additional benefits recognized today. Both consumers and producers who feel that genetically modified foods are advantageous believe that these foods can be cheaper, more durable, and more nutritional. Genetically modifying foods is also a way to ensure that with a world population that is predicted to double in the future, a food shortage will not be encountered. In addition to increased protection from diseases, pests and herbicides, there are other key reasons for genetic modification. Many crops are destroyed due to troubling weather conditions. Frost can come at unexpected times causing destruction to sensitive crops. Cold water fish have an antifreeze gene which, when introduced to plants like tobacco and potatoes, can lead to a higher tolerance to cold temperatures. Similarly, plants can also develop the ability to withstand droughts. A very important quality of food is the nutritional value that is possesses. Malnutrition is quite prevalent, especially in third world countries where people tend to rely on only one crop to fulfill their dietary needs. If however, these crops could be genetically modified to contain the amount of vitamins and nutrients necessary to sustain a healthy diet, it would be a great advantage. For example, in third world countries blindness caused by a vitamin A deficiency is very common, so researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Institute for Plant Sciences have developed what they call, â€Å"golden† rice, which contains uniquely high levels of vitamin A. The hope in this development is that this rice, funded by the non-profit organization Rockefeller Foundation, can be sent to any countries that request it. Vaccinations and medicines can be very difficult to produce, and they can also be very costly. Through genetic modification there is hope that the ability to produce foods with edible vaccinations in them will become a possibility. Common Genetically Modified Foods According to a WebMD article, experts say that about sixty to seventy percent of processed foods sold in the United States contain genetically modified ingredients. Soybeans, , corn, cotton, and rapeseed oil are the most commonly genetically modified foods. In other words, any foods that contain field corn, high-fructose corn syrup, soybeans, cottonseed oil, or canola oil all contain genetically modified ingredients. These ingredients are extremely common in most foods, much more so than most people are aware of. According to a study funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, only 52% of Americans are aware that genetically modified foods are even sold in grocery stores. The United States is the largest producer of corn in the world, and in 2000 it was estimated that 25% of corn crops growing in the United States were genetically modified. Corn is an ingredient in beer, salad dressing, margarine, flour, and anything containing corn syrup. The corn sold in stores is not necessarily intended to be genetically modified, however the concern for cross contamination between crops is there, since corn is wind-pollinated. Soy is the most heavily modified crop, and more than half the soy in the world was made up of genetically modified strains in 2007. There are different reasons for the modification of soy, including an added resistance to insects, and increasing its vitamin or fat and protein content in order to be suitable for animal feed. Soy is also used for creating chemicals used in pharmaceuticals. The likelihood of products in the United States containing genetically modified materials if they contain soy is very high, despite the lack of any labeling stating so. Tofu and soy milk are obviously effected products, however soy is also present in bread, cereal, ice cream and chocolate. Milk can be made from a genetically modified hormone called the recombinant bovine growth hormone. The function of this hormone is to produce more milk by keeping cells to produce milk alive in cows for longer periods of time. There is no proven difference between milk produced with the hormone versus that produced without it, however cows injected with the hormone are more prone to disease which can in turn have negative effects on the milk. Rapeseed oil, or canola oil, is one of the most genetically modified crops used. 80% of canola crops in Western Canada have been genetically modified. It is modified in the area of herbicide resistance. Also, modified rapeseed crops produce the main pollen used in the making of honey, suggesting that most honey from Canada could likely qualify as genetically modified. Advantages of Genetically Modified Foods Genetically modified foods offer several advantages. As already mentioned, an increased resistance to pests and diseases, the tolerance against bad weather conditions, and an increase in food supply are all obviously positive aspects. Crops have a better taste and quality when they are modified and they also have increased nutrients, yields, and stress tolerance. The time it takes for crops to mature is reduced as well. As far as the advantages for animals, they develop an increased resistance, productivity, and feed efficiency. They also produce more food, and their health can improve. The environment can benefit from genetically modifying foods as well. Firstly, the bioherbicides and bioinsecticides are environmentally friendly. Because genetic modification improves the resistance of plants and reduces their maturation time, soil, water, and energy can also be conserved. There is better natural waste management associated with genetic modification, and food processing is more efficient. Disadvantages of Genetically Modified Foods Despite the advantages of genetically modifying foods, the disadvantages of doing so seem to greatly outweigh the positive aspects of it. The most common criticisms against GM foods are in regards to the environment, health risks, and economic worries. Firstly, there have been several harmful, yet unintended effects on organisms in the environment. Monarch butterfly caterpillars have suffered an increased mortality rate due to the gene injected in corn crops. Though the caterpillars do not consume corn crops, they consume milkweed plants in neighboring fields, where the wind could easily transfer the pollen. There was a study done to test this theory, and the study did in fact support it. Another environmental concern is that the genes used to enhance certain crops will be transferred over to species unintended to contain the gene. For instance, in the case of crops that are introduced to a gene enabling them to develop an increased resistance to herbicides, the gene can potentially spread into the weeds themselves, causing them too to develop a higher herbicide resistance. This could cause problems because the weeds would then become very difficult to combat which could possibly ruin the crops. The concern for human health risks in regards to genetically modified foods is very high as well. Firstly, food allergies are very common among people in Europe and the United States, and in some cases these allergies can be fatal. The possibility that adding genes to plants could cause allergic reactions in susceptible people is there, and it is a very threatening possibility. Secondly, genetically modified foods pose an unknown overall threat to human health. Despite the lack of proof that foods made of genetically modified materials can be harmful to people, there have been studies showing that certain GM foods are in fact harmful to the digestive tract of rats. Just the fact that the effects of GM food on people are still not completely known also poses a huge threat in itself. From an economic perspective, genetically modifying foods is very costly. With new technologies that are continuously surfacing, companies are starting to want to patent their ideas, and this raises the concern that with patents will come a raise in price of seeds, making business very difficult for farmers who will not be able to afford them. This would result in the domination of food production throughout the world by only a few companies if GM foods reached such a high existence. It would also increase the dependence of developing countries on industrialized nations. Lastly, it could also result in biopiracy, or foreign exploitation of natural resources. There are ethical issues surrounding genetic modification as well. Many people question if it is unethical to alter nature by taking the genes of one species and mixing it with another. There is also the question of whether or not it is ethically wrong to violate the essential values of organisms. This process can stress animals as well, as their natural ways of life and food production are being compromised in ways that are having essentially unknown effects on the animal. The ethicality of labeling foods as genetically modified is a very controversial issue. In the United States, labeling foods is not mandatory and to the many people who do not want to consume these foods, this is viewed as very unethical. Laws of Genetically Modified Foods The laws and governmental regulations of genetically modifying food varies throughout the world, yet a common factor is that all of these different governments are in fact working towards establishing regulatory processes. In Japan, as of April 2001, testing GM foods was made mandatory. In the United States, regulation is achieved by several different governmental agencies, such as the US Environmental Protection. Agency, the US Department of Agriculture, and the US Food and Drug Administration. The EPA is responsible for regulating the substances used that may cause possible harm to the environment and human health, pesticides for example. Farmers need to obtain licenses in order to use such chemicals, and the amount they are permitted ot use is regulated. The USDA includes different divisions each responsible for their own branch of assessment. â€Å" Among these divisions are APHIS, the Animal Health and Plant Inspection Service, which conducts field tests and issues permits to grow GM crops, the Agricultural Research Service which performs in-house GM food research, and the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service which oversees the USDA risk assessment program. † (Csa. com) The FDA is involved when companies producing GM foods have issues they feel they want to consult with them about. They are not required to go to the FDA though. The future of Genetically Modified Foods Currently, genetically modified ingredients are present in many foods, however the process is mostly limited to altering the ingredients in the area of improved sustainability. In the future, there are plans to genetically modify much more. For example, there are plans to try to produce foods with the ability to produce human vaccinations. There are also plans to genetically alter food animals, like pigs, cows, and most recently salmon. Conclusion Genetically modified foods have come a long way since their first introduction into the market. They have great potential to solve many problems and improve upon many conditions. However, there are many challenges facing governments as far as the advancement of genetically modified foods is concerned. Regulations, food testing, and uncovering more of the possible effects on both human health and the environment are all great issues involved. The concept of genetic modification is also very controversial. However, regardless of the obstacles and controversy surrounding this phenomenon, it is becoming much more widespread throughout the world. Works Cited Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful? CSA. Web. 24 Oct. 2010. http://www. csa. com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview. php . Genetically Modified Foods and Organisms HGP Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Web. 24 Oct. 2010. http://www. ornl. gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi /gmfood. shtml. Development and History of GM Foods Genetically Modified Foods (UK). Comphrensive Advice on Genetically Modified Foods at Genetically Modified Foods (UK). Web. 24 Oct. 2010. http://www. geneticallymodifiedfoods. co. uk/development-hi story-gm-foods. html. Chapman, By James. History of Genetically Modified Food | Mail Online. Home | Mail Online. Web. 24 Oct. 2010. http://www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-419985/History-ge netically-modified-food. html. Jibrin, By Janis. Genetically Modified Foods (Biotech Foods) Pros and Cons. WebMD Better Information. Better Health. Web. 1 Nov. 2010. http://www. webmd. com/food-recipes/features/are-biotech-foods-s afe-to-eat. dictionary. com.

intro to philosophy :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Intro to Philosophy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Paper #2 Question 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Internet also known as the â€Å"information superhighway of the world†, is increasingly becoming the most prevalent form in which to gather and distribute information. This issue brings up a number of moral dilemmas concerning the lack of censorship and editorial monitoring in this immense communication system. Some of the questions that have arisen are whether or not freedom of speech should be controlled, to an extent, and if so where would those barriers be drawn. Also, should the truth behind Internet publications be monitored, access to inappropriate material be denied to certain individuals, and should laws be passed to prevent the exploitation of unknowing bystanders. These issues are not only controversial but also extremely complicated to pursue through legal terms and justifications.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The First Amendment of the Constitution grants everyone in the United States the freedom of speech and press, thus the Internet phenomenon is protected regardless of the perverse nature which it is capable of presenting. Ultimately, it is possible for anyone to express his or her own beliefs, whether considered true or not, through the Internet. This in turn leads many unsuspecting youths and even some adults to believe the â€Å"lies† they read just because it is out there.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Stuart Mill’s work, On Liberty explains Mill’s notion of freedom and his justifications behind his concepts. This work was originally published in 1859 but due to its advanced theories it is possible to apply these conceptions to the moral dilemmas the Internet possess. Mill’s philosophies are considered utilitarianistic, this means that the value something possesses is determined by its utility, also actions should be directed toward achieving the greatest happiness for the largest group of people. With this in mind we can further understand Mill’s theories on liberty, freedom and whether they should be controlled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mill’s explains that freedom of speech and expression are essential to the mental well being of mankind. To refuse a person the right to express their opinion because it is contrary to popular belief would be a great wrong. This is because without these different opinions there would be no need to justify those beliefs held widely. Lack of practice in explaining the attributes of certain beliefs will make them forgotten and these â€Å"truths† would lose meaning. Mill’s clarifies a misconception about truths with the following statement:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  truth always triumphs over persecution, is one intro to philosophy :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Intro to Philosophy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Paper #2 Question 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Internet also known as the â€Å"information superhighway of the world†, is increasingly becoming the most prevalent form in which to gather and distribute information. This issue brings up a number of moral dilemmas concerning the lack of censorship and editorial monitoring in this immense communication system. Some of the questions that have arisen are whether or not freedom of speech should be controlled, to an extent, and if so where would those barriers be drawn. Also, should the truth behind Internet publications be monitored, access to inappropriate material be denied to certain individuals, and should laws be passed to prevent the exploitation of unknowing bystanders. These issues are not only controversial but also extremely complicated to pursue through legal terms and justifications.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The First Amendment of the Constitution grants everyone in the United States the freedom of speech and press, thus the Internet phenomenon is protected regardless of the perverse nature which it is capable of presenting. Ultimately, it is possible for anyone to express his or her own beliefs, whether considered true or not, through the Internet. This in turn leads many unsuspecting youths and even some adults to believe the â€Å"lies† they read just because it is out there.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Stuart Mill’s work, On Liberty explains Mill’s notion of freedom and his justifications behind his concepts. This work was originally published in 1859 but due to its advanced theories it is possible to apply these conceptions to the moral dilemmas the Internet possess. Mill’s philosophies are considered utilitarianistic, this means that the value something possesses is determined by its utility, also actions should be directed toward achieving the greatest happiness for the largest group of people. With this in mind we can further understand Mill’s theories on liberty, freedom and whether they should be controlled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mill’s explains that freedom of speech and expression are essential to the mental well being of mankind. To refuse a person the right to express their opinion because it is contrary to popular belief would be a great wrong. This is because without these different opinions there would be no need to justify those beliefs held widely. Lack of practice in explaining the attributes of certain beliefs will make them forgotten and these â€Å"truths† would lose meaning. Mill’s clarifies a misconception about truths with the following statement:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  truth always triumphs over persecution, is one